Artificial Intelligence - BSCS Notes

Artificial Intelligence — Complete BSCS Notes

Introduction to AI & Lisp

Definition: AI is the field of making machines intelligent.
Common Lisp: Early AI programming language.
Example: Chatbots, recommendation systems.

Classical AI Systems

GPS: General Problem Solver using rules.
Means-Ends Analysis: Reduce difference between goal & current state.
ELIZA: First chatbot using pattern matching.
OPS-5: Rule-based system language.

Knowledge Representation

Definition: Represent knowledge in computer.
Types: Rules, Logic, Semantic networks, Frames, Scripts.
Example: "All humans are mortal".

Symbolic Mathematics

Definition: Solve equations symbolically.
Example: x+2=5 → x=3
Tools: Macsyma, PRESS.

Logic Programming

Definition: Programming using logic rules.
Concepts: Unification, Resolution, Horn clauses.
Language: Prolog.

Case Studies

Knowledge-Based Systems: Systems using stored knowledge.
Example: Medical expert system.

Modern AI

Neural Networks: Brain-like models.
Genetic Algorithm: Evolution-based.
Fuzzy Logic: Handles uncertainty.