History and Goals, Evolution in operating system
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History and Goals, Evolution in operating system

 

 History Of OS · Operating systems were first developed in the late 1950s to manage tape storage

 The General Motors Research Lab implemented the first OS in the early 1950s for their IBM 701

  •  · In the mid-1960s, operating systems started to use disks

    · In the late 1960s, the first version of the Unix OS was developed

    · The first OS built by Microsoft was DOS. It was built in 1981 by purchasing the 86-DOS software from a Seattle company ·

    The present-day popular OS Windows first came to existence in 1985 when a GUI was created and paired with MS-DOS.

    · For smartphones and other pocket-sized devices, Android leads with 72% market share, and Apple's iOS has 28%.[2]

    · For desktop and laptop computers, Windows is the most used at 74%, followed by Apple's macOS at 14%, and Linux-based operating systems, at 5% (i.e. "desktop Linux" at 2.84%, plus Google's ChromeOS at 2%, in the US up to 4.43%).[3]

     · For tablets, Apple's iPadOS has 52% and Android has 48% worldwide

Role of Operating System
The hardware provides the basic computing resources in a computer system. The application programs define the way in which these resources are used to solve computing problems of the users. The operating system controls the hardware and coordinates its use

among various application programs for different users. The role of operating system can be defined in the following ways:

1. Government

Operating system works as a government. The basic resources of computer system are provided by its hardware, software and data. Operating system provides the means and the environment for proper use of its resources. is like local government 

2. Resource Allocator

A computer system has many resources. Each resource can be used to solve a problem. The operating system is responsible for managing the use of system resources. There may be many requests for a particular resource. These requests may be conflicting. The operating system decides which request should obtain the required resource. The operating system should take into consideration both system efficiency and fairness to individual requests.

3. Control Program

Operating system controls the execution of user programs and devices. It is responsible to monitor and control the operation of software. It controls the hardware components of a computer system. It also ensures that system resources are used properly. another type is infection control program

 Mainframe Systems

Mainframe systems were used to solve commercial and scientific problems. Following is the brief description of this type of systems. there are some mainframe legacy systems

1 Simple Batch Systems

Early computers were run from console. The card readers and tape drives were input devices. Line printers, tape drives and card punched were common output devices. The user did not interact directly with computer system. The user prepared a job that consisted of program, data and some control information (control cards). He then submitted it to the computer operator in the form of punched cards.

The operating system was simple. Its basic job was to transfer control automatically

from one job to the next. The operating system was always resident in

memory. The operator batched similar jobs together and then ran in the computer to speed up the processing. The CPU is often idle in this environment as speed of I/O devices is much slower than CPU. After sometime, the introduction of disk instead of card reader resulted in faster I/O devices. In disk technology, the operating system keeps all jobs on a disk instead of card reader. The resources are utilized and jobs are performed more efficiently with the help of job scheduling. Job scheduling is possible because all jobs are present on the disk.

more  about  History and Goals, Evolution of multi-user systems

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